What Are The Consumption Of Graphite Electrodes in The Process Of Electric Furnace Steelmaking?

Graphite electrode is used as a conductive material in electric arc furnace smelting, and its consumption is proportional to the consumption of electrical work. Modern electric arc furnace steelmaking uses electric energy and chemical energy as thermal energy to achieve the purpose of four removal (P, C, O, S), two removal (gas, impurities), and two adjustment (temperature, composition) in the steelmaking process. The performance of the graphite electrode is mainly reflected in its applicability and consumption, and the consumption of the electrode is directly related to its own quality.

1. Consumption of the end of the graphite electrode and the outer surface in the electric furnace
   

   The electric arc generated by the graphite electrode in the electric arc furnace can be divided into long, medium and short arcs, and the melting of the charge and the heating depends on the arc power. The arc length is directly proportional to the secondary voltage, and inversely proportional to the secondary current and the heating rate. In order to increase the smelting speed and greatly shorten the smelting time, the high chemical energy operation of forced oxygen blowing is adopted, which puts forward higher requirements for the oxidation resistance and thermal shock resistance of the graphite electrode. The end consumption of graphite electrodes in smelting includes the sublimation generated in the high temperature of the arc, and the chemical reaction generated in contact with molten steel and steel slag. The oxidation loss of graphite electrode accounts for about 2/3 of the total consumption. The oxidation loss is the product of unit oxidation rate and area and is directly proportional to time. The longer the heating time in smelting, the greater the consumption, so install it on the electric arc furnace electrode. Water-cooled sprinkler system is very necessary. In normal smelting, the carbon content of the graphite electrode entering the molten steel is generally about 0.01%, and it is normal for the end consumption switch to be non-cone-shaped.
   

2. Consumption of residual graphite electrodes produced in smelting

Residual body consumption refers to the non-productive consumption part of the smelting process where the bottom electrode falls into the furnace for some reason and becomes the final waste product. The generation of the residue is not only related to the internal quality of the joints and electrodes, but also the distribution of the cloth in the furnace, the atmosphere in the furnace, and the power transmission operation are directly related to the magnetic card. The main appearance phenomena are: "Herring"-shaped cracks at the bottom of the residual body and large longitudinal cracks or splits; the joints are not tight enough to cause the joints to oxidize and fall off or break; the connections are not in place or the fit is not good, and they fall off. Or break; the electrode is subjected to external force to break the joint or the bottom of the hole; the electrode is subjected to external force to break the joint or the hole part; the unreasonable fabric in the furnace causes a large collapse area after the well or the unreasonable operation of the power transmission curve can cause the electrode Severely broken; the electrode itself is of poor quality, etc. Under the premise of ensuring the quality of the electrode, this part of the loss is not large in normal production.